Biology 

What happens during transcription of DNA?

Michael Wilson

What happens during transcription of DNA?

Transcription is the process in which a gene’s DNA sequence is copied (transcribed) to make an RNA molecule. RNA polymerase is the main transcription enzyme. Transcription begins when RNA polymerase binds to a promoter sequence near the beginning of a gene (directly or through helper proteins).

What happens in each step of transcription?

Transcription takes place in three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. The steps are illustrated in the Figure below. Initiation is the beginning of transcription. It occurs when the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a region of a gene called the promoter.

What are the 6 steps of transcription?

Stages of Transcription

  • Initiation. Transcription is catalysed by the enzyme RNA polymerase.
  • Elongation. One DNA strand (the template strand) is read in a 3′ to 5′ direction and so provides the template for the new mRNA molecule.
  • Termination.
  • 5′ Capping.
  • Polyadenylation.
  • Splicing.

What are the 3 basic steps of transcription?

Transcription takes place in three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination.

What is the goal of transcription?

The goal of transcription is to make a RNA copy of a gene’s DNA sequence. For a protein-coding gene, the RNA copy, or transcript, carries the information needed to build a polypeptide (protein or protein subunit). Eukaryotic transcripts need to go through some processing steps before translation into proteins.

Where does the process of transcription occur?

Transcription takes place in the nucleus. It uses DNA as a template to make an RNA molecule. RNA then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs.

What is the end result of transcription?

The end product of transcription is an RNA molecule. Hence, copying the information of genes in the genome into an RNA occurs during the transcription. During which, the RNA polymerase transcribes the information in a gene, and thus, producing an RNA molecule.

What is the first step in DNA replication?

The first step in DNA replication is the separation of the two DNA strands that make up the helix that is to be copied. DNA Helicase untwists the helix at locations called replication origins. The replication origin forms a Y shape, and is called a replication fork.

Which enzyme is responsible for starting the first step in DNA replication?

The first step in DNA replication is to ‘unzip’ the double helix structure of the DNA? molecule. This is carried out by an enzyme? called helicase which breaks the hydrogen bonds? holding the complementary? bases? of DNA together (A with T, C with G).

What is the last step in DNA replication called?

Termination

What is the most important step in DNA replication?

Replication occurs in three major steps: the opening of the double helix and separation of the DNA strands, the priming of the template strand, and the assembly of the new DNA segment. During separation, the two strands of the DNA double helix uncoil at a specific location called the origin.

What kind of process is DNA replication?

DNA replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules. Replication is an essential process because, whenever a cell divides, the two new daughter cells must contain the same genetic information, or DNA, as the parent cell.

What are the 8 steps for DNA replication?

The complete process of DNA Replication involves the following steps:

  • Recognition of initiation point.
  • Unwinding of DNA –
  • Template DNA –
  • RNA Primer –
  • Chain Elongation –
  • Replication forks –
  • Proof reading –
  • Removal of RNA primer and completion of DNA strand –

What is needed for DNA replication select all that apply?

Answer: The things needed for DNA replication are: The separated strands serve as templates for DNA replication. Free nucleotides are attached to the primer by an enzyme known as DNA polymerase. Therefore for replication to occur an enzyme called helicase, free nucleotides and DNA polymerase are needed.

What are the 10 steps of DNA replication?

Terms in this set (10)

  • DNA unwinds @ origin of replication.
  • helicase opens up DNA and makes replication fork.
  • single strand bonding proteins coat DNA around replication fork to prevent rewinding DNA.
  • topoisomerase binds @ region ahead of replication fork to prevent supercoiling.

What is the second step of DNA replication?

What happens in the second (of four) step of DNA replication? Nextan enzyme “unzips” the DNA strands. (An enzyme called helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between base pairs in DNA, causing the DNA to unzip.)

What is the order of enzymes in DNA replication?

Primase (lays down RNA primers) DNA polymerase III (main DNA synthesis enzyme) DNA polymerase I (replaces RNA primers with DNA) Ligase (fills in the gaps)

Why is RNA different in every cell?

Second, unlike the DNA polymerases involved in DNA replication, RNA polymerases can start an RNA chain without a primer. This difference may exist because transcription need not be as accurate as DNA replication (see Table 5-1, p. 243). Unlike DNA, RNA does not permanently store genetic information in cells.