Which intermediate would supply the carbon skeleton?

Which intermediate would supply the carbon skeleton?

Starting with one molecule of isocitrate and ending with fumarate, what is the maximum number of ATP molecules that could be made through substrate-level phosphorylation? Carbon skeletons for amino acid biosynthesis are supplied by intermediates of the citric acid cycle.

How many carbon dioxide molecules are produced by 5 turns of the citric acid cycle?

10 molecules

Which chemical process generates the ATP produced in the citric acid cycle?

The reduced electron carriers— NADHstart text, N, A, D, H, end text and FADH2​start text, F, A, D, H, end text, start subscript, 2, end subscript—generated in the TCA cycle will pass their electrons into the electron transport chain and, through oxidative phosphorylation, will generate most of the ATP produced in …

Which of the following produces the most ATP when glucose is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water?

So, oxidative phosphorylation is the metabolic cycle that produces the most net ATP per glucose molecule.

Which of the following is the most ATP when glucose is completely oxidized?

In glycolysis 2 ATP molecules are produced from ADP. Further 2NADH2 produced, give 2×3 = 6 ATP, on oxidative phosphorylation. Similarly in Kreb’s cycle 2 ATP molecules are produced. So the greatest number of ATP molecules are produced in the electron transport chain.

What is the major route for ATP production?

The electron transport chain is the main source of ATP production in the body and as such is vital for life. The previous stages of respiration generate electron carrier molecules, such as NADH, to be used in the electron transport chain.

Which process results in the highest net production of ATP?

Explanation: The electron transport chain generates the most ATP out of all three major phases of cellular respiration. Glycolysis produces a net of 2 ATP per molecule of glucose. In the Krebs cycle, there is one GTP (which is an ATP equivalent) generate in the conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinate.

How much ATP is produced in the electron transport chain?

A total of 32 ATP molecules are generated in electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation.

How is 34 ATP produced in the electron transport chain?

The last step of cellular respiration is the electron transport chain. In this step of cellular respiration, electron carriers NADH and FADH2 drop off the electrons they’ve carried from the citric acid cycle. This drop-off allows a large number of ATP molecules to form. In fact, 34 ATP are produced.

What is created during the electron transport chain?

Overview of oxidative phosphorylation. The electron transport chain forms a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, which drives the synthesis of ATP via chemiosmosis.

How is ATP produced in electron transport chain?

The electron transport chain takes place in the mitochondria. This stage converts the NADH into ATP. The electron transport chain works as a proton pump: it pumps hydrogen ions (protons) through the membrane, and only allows them back through a protein (ATP synthase) which makes ATP.

Does the electron transport require oxygen?

The electron transport chain is the portion of aerobic respiration that uses free oxygen as the final electron acceptor of the electrons removed from the intermediate compounds in glucose catabolism. The end products of the electron transport chain are water and ATP.

What is the relationship between the electron transport chain and oxygen?

Explanation: Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, which allows for oxidative phosphorylation. Without oxygen, the electrons will be backed up, eventually causing the electron transport chain to halt.

Is CO2 an electron donor or acceptor?

2-, NO3 -, or CO2 is the final electron acceptor.

Is chlorine an electron donor or acceptor?

Each chlorine atom can only accept 1 electron before it can achieve its noble gas configuration; therefore, 2 atoms of chlorine are required to accept the 2 electrons donated by the magnesium.

Is water an electron donor or acceptor in photosynthesis?

The final electron acceptor is NADP. In oxygenic photosynthesis, the first electron donor is water, creating oxygen as a waste product. In anoxygenic photosynthesis various electron donors are used.

Is pyruvate an electron acceptor?

In fermentation, the final electron acceptor is pyruvate (lactic acid fermentation), acetaldehyde (alcohol fermentation), or some other organic molecule. In cellular respiration, the final electron acceptor is oxygen. During fermentation, energy stored in pyruvate is unavailable to the cell.

Why is pyruvate an electron acceptor?

However, fermentation occurs when there is no oxygen available. Therefore, something else must act as the final electron acceptor. In lactic acid fermentation, NADH is the electron carrier that ultimately carries them to pyruvate. Pyruvate is reduced to lactic acid, and thus, acted as the final electron acceptor.

Is glucose an electron acceptor?

Both inorganic and organic compounds may be used as electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration. Therefore, less energy is formed per molecule of glucose in anaerobic versus aerobic conditions. The reduction of certain inorganic compounds by anaerobic microbes is often ecologically significant.

Is NAD+ an electron acceptor?

This group of enzymes typically uses cofactors, such as NAD, which acts as the electron acceptor. The food molecule acts as the electron donor. Due to its chemical structure, each molecule of NAD+ can accept two electrons.

Is Fad an electron acceptor?

In the citric acid cycle, FAD is electron acceptor during oxidation of succinate.

Is FADH2 an electron acceptor?

More specifically, the electron transport chain takes the energy from the electrons on NADH and FADH2 to pump protons (H+) into the intermembrane space. Oxygen is required for this process because it serves as the final electron acceptor, forming water.

How many electrons can FAD carry?

FMN, like FAD, can accept two electrons, but does so one electron at a time (see Figure 16-8).

Where is fad used?

FAD-dependent proteins function in a large variety of metabolic pathways including electron transport, DNA repair, nucleotide biosynthesis, beta-oxidation of fatty acids, amino acid catabolism, as well as synthesis of other cofactors such as CoA, CoQ and heme groups.