What is the process of breaking down food to its smallest unit?
Mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use.
Which processes are used to deliver the nutrient molecules to the cells?
Terms in this set (41)
- digestion. the process by which your body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules.
- absorption. the process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of your digestive system into your blood.
- saliva.
- enzyme.
- epiglottis.
- esophagus.
- mucous.
- peristalsis.
What is the process of digestion step by step?
There is certain steps food and liquid must take before exiting your system.
- Step 1: Mouth.
- Step 2: Esophagus.
- Step 3: Stomach.
- Step 4: Small Intestine.
- Step 5: Large Intestine, Colon, Rectum and Anus.
How food is broken down into nutrients for absorption?
The muscles of the small intestine mix food with digestive juices from the pancreas, liver, and intestine and push the mixture forward to help with further digestion. The walls of the small intestine absorb the digested nutrients into the bloodstream. The blood delivers the nutrients to the rest of the body.
How is food moved into the cell?
Solid particles are engulfed by phagocytosis (“cell eating”), a process that begins when solids make contact with the outer cell surface, triggering the movement of the membrane. This vacuole is then moved to the interior of the cell.
What foods go into your bloodstream?
The muscles of the small intestine mix food with digestive juices from the pancreas, liver, and intestine, and push the mixture forward for further digestion. The walls of the small intestine absorb water and the digested nutrients into your bloodstream.
Does blood move in and out of cells?
As blood moves through the capillaries, the oxygen and other nutrients move out into the cells. Then waste matter from the cells goes into the capillaries. As the blood leaves the capillaries, it moves through the veins. Veins merge into larger tubes to carry the blood back to the heart.
Does waste move in and out of cells?
Cells use both diffusion and osmosis to get rid of their wastes. Cells can bias the movement of waste molecules out of and away from themselves. Another way is the make an oily molecule water-soluble, so that it can be dissolved in water and flushed away in the bloodstream.
How do materials move in and out of cells?
Substances move in and out of cells by diffusion down a concentration gradient, through a partially permeable membrane. Selected substances can move up a concentration gradient with the help of specialized molecules embedded in the membrane. This is called assisted diffusion or active transport.
What are the 3 types of diffusion?
The three types of diffusion are – simple diffusion, osmosis and facilitated diffusion.
- (i) Simple diffusion is when ions or molecules diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
- (ii) In osmosis, the particles moving are water molecules.
What produces the most energy in a cell?
the Sun
What are the main sources of energy for animal cells?
The primary source of energy for animals is carbohydrates, primarily glucose: the body’s fuel. The digestible carbohydrates in an animal’s diet are converted to glucose molecules and into energy through a series of catabolic chemical reactions. Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is the primary energy currency in cells.
Can glucose be broken down without oxygen?
Without oxygen, organisms can split glucose into just two molecules of pyruvate. This releases only enough energy to make two ATP molecules. With oxygen, organisms can break down glucose all the way to carbon dioxide. This releases enough energy to produce up to 38 ATP molecules.
What happens when glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen?
Glucose –> carbon dioxide + water + energy. in the absence of oxygen in which glucose breaks into alcohol and carbon dioxide with release of energy.
Which acid is formed when glucose is broken down in the absence of oxygen?
lactic acid
What happens to glucose breakdown in the absence of oxygen?
If oxygen is present, then glucose can be broken all the way down into carbon dioxide and water. In the absence of oxygen, the cell uses a process called anaerobic fermentation. or simply fermentation.
What happens to pyruvate If no oxygen is present?
When oxygen is not present, pyruvate will undergo a process called fermentation. In the process of fermentation the NADH + H+ from glycolysis will be recycled back to NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue. In the process of glycolysis, NAD+ is reduced to form NADH + H+.
What happens to NADH if there is no oxygen?
If no oxygen is present, then NADH builds up and the cell can run completely out of NAD. NADH gets converted to NAD so that it can be used again in glycolysis, and pyruvate becomes Lactic Acid in animal cells, or Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide in plants, yeast, and bacterial cells.
When glucose is Catabolised in the absence of oxygen?
Certain prokaryotes are obligate anaerobes: they cannot grow in the presence of oxygen, and they metabolize glucose only anaerobically. In the absence of oxygen, glucose is not converted entirely to CO2 (as it is in obligate aerobes) but to one or more two- or three-carbon compounds, and only in some cases to CO2.
What process does require oxygen?
Aerobic Metabolism Any metabolic process that requires oxygen to occur is referred to as aerobic. Humans, most other multicellular organisms, and some microorganisms require oxygen for the efficient capture of the chemical energy from food and its transformation into the cellular energy form known as ATP.
Which of the following can proceed in the absence of oxygen?
anaerobic respiration
Is the breakdown of sugars to make ATP in the absence of oxygen?
Digestion is the breakdown of carbohydrates to yield an energy rich compound called ATP. When oxygen is absent, the generation of ATP continues through fermentation. There are two types of fermentation: alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.
What do anaerobes use instead of oxygen?
Anaerobic respiration is a type of respiration where oxygen is not used; instead, organic or inorganic molecules are used as final electron acceptors. Fermentation includes processes that use an organic molecule to regenerate NAD+ from NADH.
Which type of respiration is most efficient?
Aerobic respiration
What happens when muscles run out of oxygen?
When your body runs out of oxygen, or your other systems can’t deliver oxygen to your muscles quickly enough, your muscles convert the available glucose into lactic acid instead.
How is oxygen delivered to muscles?
Oxygen is delivered to skeletal muscle fibers by convective transport in blood flowing in capillaries that run approximately parallel to the fibers and by diffusion from the capillaries to surrounding muscle fibers.
Can cells run out of oxygen?
During aerobic cellular respiration, glucose reacts with oxygen, forming ATP that can be used by the cell. Carbon dioxide and water are created as byproducts….Aerobic vs anaerobic respiration.
|
Aerobic |
Anaerobic |
| Reactants |
Glucose and oxygen |
Glucose |
Do athletes need less oxygen?
Your muscles will require less oxygen to move and they will produce less carbon dioxide. This will immediately reduce the amount of air you will need to breathe in and out for a given exercise. Training also improves your circulation and strengthens your heart.